/*
 * Individualize Scholar 2.5.2: styles of the scholarly features on top of the Individualize theme.
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 *
 * Colours and fonts come from Individualize's CSS variables (set by its
 * colour and font options), so every feature follows the journal's choice:
 * --color-page-text, --color-page-links, --color-secondary,
 * --color-block-background/--color-block-text, --font-titles, --font-actions,
 * --radius and --button-radius.
 */
:root{--is-text: var(--color-page-text, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.85));--is-link: var(--color-page-links, #078078);--is-accent: var(--color-secondary, #078078);--is-line: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.14);--is-line: color-mix(in srgb, var(--is-text) 16%, transparent);--is-muted: color-mix(in srgb, var(--is-text) 70%, transparent);--is-panel: color-mix(in srgb, var(--is-text) 4%, transparent);--is-radius: var(--radius, 0.5rem);--is-pill: var(--button-radius, 9999px)} .issue-toc [hidden], .ms-abstract[hidden]{display: none !important}  .ms-article-actions, .ms-abstract{position: relative;z-index: 1}.ms-article-actions{display: flex;flex-wrap: wrap;gap: 0.5rem;margin: 0.5rem 0 0}.ms-article-actions .ms-sep{display: none}.ms-article-actions a{display: inline-flex;align-items: center;min-height: 2rem;max-width: 100%;padding: 0.25rem 0.9rem;border: var(--border-width, 1px) solid var(--is-link);border-radius: var(--is-pill);color: var(--is-link);background: var(--color-page-background, #fff);font-family: var(--font-actions, inherit);font-size: 0.875rem;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25;text-decoration: none;overflow-wrap: anywhere}.ms-article-actions a:hover, .ms-article-actions a.is-open{color: var(--color-page-background, #fff);background: var(--is-link)}.ms-abstract{margin: 0.75rem 0 0;padding: 1rem 1.25rem;border-inline-start: 3px solid var(--is-accent);border-radius: 0 var(--is-radius) var(--is-radius) 0;background: var(--is-panel);line-height: 1.75}.ms-abstract p + p{margin-top: 0.75em} .author-details-affiliation.ms-country-line{font-style: normal} .ms-dimensions{margin: 0 0 1rem} .ms-issue-coverage{padding: 1rem 1.25rem;border-inline-start: 3px solid var(--is-accent);border-radius: 0 var(--is-radius) var(--is-radius) 0;background: var(--is-panel);color: var(--is-text);font-size: 0.9375rem;line-height: 1.4}.ms-issue-coverage p{margin: 0 0 0.4em;font-family: var(--font-titles, inherit);font-weight: 700}.ms-issue-coverage__total{text-transform: uppercase;letter-spacing: 0.02em}.ms-issue-coverage__sep{margin: 0 0.5em;font-weight: 400;color: var(--is-line)}.ms-issue-coverage .ms-issue-coverage__foreign{font-weight: 400}.ms-issue-coverage__countries{display: grid;grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(12rem, 1fr));gap: 0.6em 1.5em;margin: 0.8em 0 0;padding: 0.8em 0 0;border-top: 1px solid var(--is-line);list-style: none}.ms-issue-coverage__countries li{display: flex;align-items: center;gap: 0.6em;min-width: 0}.ms-issue-coverage .ms-country{min-width: 0;overflow-wrap: anywhere}.ms-issue-coverage .ms-count{margin-inline-start: auto;color: var(--is-muted);font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums}.ms-flag{flex: none;display: block;width: 28px;height: 21px;object-fit: cover;border-radius: 2px;box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12)} .ms-readmore{display: flex;justify-content: center;margin-top: -3rem} .ms-archive-stats{display: grid;grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1.7fr) minmax(0, 1fr);align-items: center;max-width: 40rem;margin: 0 0 1rem;padding: 0.6rem 0.25rem;border-inline-start: 3px solid var(--is-accent);border-radius: 0 var(--is-radius) var(--is-radius) 0;background: var(--is-panel);color: var(--is-text);font-size: 0.875rem;line-height: 1.3}.ms-archive-stats__item{display: flex;align-items: center;gap: 0.6rem;min-width: 0;padding: 0.15rem 0.8rem;border-inline-end: 1px solid var(--is-line)}.ms-archive-stats__item:last-child{border-inline-end: 0}.ms-archive-stats__icon{display: inline-grid;flex: none;place-items: center;width: 2rem;height: 2rem;border-radius: 50%;color: var(--color-block-text, #fff);background: var(--color-block-background, #1e102b)}.ms-archive-stats__icon svg{width: 1.1rem;height: 1.1rem;fill: none;stroke: currentColor;stroke-width: 1.8;stroke-linecap: round;stroke-linejoin: round}.ms-archive-stats__copy{display: flex;flex-direction: column;gap: 0.2rem;min-width: 0}.ms-archive-stats__line{white-space: nowrap}.ms-archive-stats__num{font-weight: 700;font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums}.ms-archive-stats__label, .ms-archive-stats__more{color: var(--is-muted)}.ms-archive-stats__flags{display: flex;flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;gap: 4px}.ms-archive-stats .ms-flag{width: 22px;height: 16px}.ms-archive-stats .ms-flag--text{width: auto;min-width: 22px;padding: 0 3px;font-size: 10px;font-weight: 700;line-height: 16px;text-align: center}@media (max-width: 640px){.ms-archive-stats{grid-template-columns: 1fr}.ms-archive-stats__item{padding: 0.4rem 0.6rem;border-inline-end: 0;border-bottom: 1px solid var(--is-line)}.ms-archive-stats__item:last-child{border-bottom: 0}}  .homepage-issue-summary{width: 100%}.homepage-issue-summary-label{margin: 0 0 1.5rem;padding-bottom: 0.5rem;border-bottom: 2px solid var(--is-accent);font-family: var(--font-titles);font-size: 1.5rem;font-weight: 800;line-height: 1.25}.homepage-issue-summary .issue-summary{display: grid;grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);gap: 1.5rem;max-width: none;margin: 0}@media (min-width: 640px){.homepage-issue-summary .issue-summary{grid-template-columns: 11rem minmax(0, 1fr);align-items: start;gap: 2rem}.homepage-issue-summary .issue-summary-no-cover{grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr)}}@media (min-width: 1280px){.homepage-issue-summary .issue-summary{grid-template-columns: 13rem minmax(0, 1fr)}}.homepage-issue-summary .issue-summary-cover{width: 100%;max-width: 13rem;height: auto;box-shadow: 0 0.25rem 1rem rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15)}.homepage-issue-summary .issue-summary-inner{gap: 1.25rem}.homepage-issue-summary .issue-summary-header{flex-direction: column;align-items: flex-start;justify-content: flex-start;gap: 0.5rem}.homepage-issue-summary .issue-summary-vol{font-size: 1.75rem;font-weight: 800;line-height: 1.2}.homepage-issue-summary .issue-summary-title{margin-top: 0.35rem;font-size: 1.125rem;font-weight: 600}.homepage-issue-summary .issue-summary-published{color: var(--is-muted);font-size: 0.9375rem}.homepage-issue-summary .issue-summary-description{gap: 1.25rem;overflow: visible}.homepage-issue-summary .issue-summary-description .html-text{max-height: none}.homepage-issue-summary .ms-archive-stats{margin: 0}.homepage-issue-summary .issue-summary-actions{display: flex;flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;gap: 1rem 1.5rem}.homepage-issue-summary .issue-summary-galleys{flex-direction: row;flex-wrap: wrap;max-width: none}.homepage-issue-summary .issue-summary-button{width: auto;background: none;box-shadow: none;font-size: 1rem}@media (min-width: 1920px){.homepage-issue-summary .issue-summary-vol{font-size: 2rem}} .homepage-block-scholar-highlights, .homepage-block-scholar-categories{width: 100%;max-width: 1024px}@media (min-width: 1920px){.homepage-block-scholar-highlights, .homepage-block-scholar-categories{max-width: 1280px}}.ms-highlight h2, .ms-categories > h2{margin: 0 0 1rem;font-family: var(--font-titles, inherit);font-size: 1.5rem;font-weight: 900;line-height: 1.25}.ms-categories > h2{font-size: 2rem} .ms-highlights__grid{display: grid;grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(16rem, 1fr));gap: 2rem}.ms-highlight ul{list-style: none}.ms-highlight li{padding: 0.75rem 0;border-bottom: 1px solid var(--is-line);line-height: 1.45}.ms-highlight li:first-child{border-top: 2px solid var(--is-accent)}.ms-highlight li a{color: var(--is-text);font-weight: 600;text-decoration: none}.ms-highlight li a:hover{color: var(--is-link);text-decoration: underline}.ms-highlight__meta{display: block;margin-top: 0.2rem;font-size: 0.8125rem;color: var(--is-muted);font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums} .ms-categories__grid{display: grid;grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(15rem, 1fr));gap: 1rem;align-items: start}.ms-category{border: var(--border-width, 1px) solid var(--is-line);border-radius: var(--is-radius);background: var(--color-page-background, #fff)}.ms-category[open]{grid-column: 1 / -1}.ms-category summary{display: flex;flex-direction: column;gap: 0.25rem;position: relative;padding: 1rem 3rem 1rem 1.25rem;cursor: pointer;list-style: none}.ms-category summary::-webkit-details-marker{display: none}.ms-category summary::after{content: "+";position: absolute;inset-inline-end: 1rem;top: 50%;transform: translateY(-50%);display: grid;place-items: center;width: 1.75rem;height: 1.75rem;border-radius: 50%;color: var(--color-block-text, #fff);background: var(--color-block-background, #1e102b);font-weight: 700;line-height: 1}.ms-category[open] summary::after{content: "\2212"}.ms-category__name{font-family: var(--font-titles, inherit);font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.3}.ms-category__count{font-size: 0.8125rem;text-transform: uppercase;letter-spacing: 0.02em;color: var(--is-muted)}.ms-category ul{margin: 0 1.25rem 0.75rem;list-style: none;border-top: 1px solid var(--is-line)}.ms-category li{padding: 0.6rem 0;border-bottom: 1px solid var(--is-line);line-height: 1.4}.ms-category li:last-child{border-bottom: 0}.ms-category li a{color: var(--is-text);text-decoration: none}.ms-category li a:hover{color: var(--is-link);text-decoration: underline}  .is-layout-sidebar{display: flex;flex-direction: column;gap: 2rem;margin-top: 4rem;font-size: 0.9375rem;line-height: 1.5}@media (min-width: 1024px){.is-layout-with-sidebar{display: grid;grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 18rem;gap: 3rem;align-items: start}.is-layout-sidebar{margin-top: 0} .is-layout-with-sidebar .homepage-blocks{align-items: stretch}}@media (min-width: 1536px){.is-layout-with-sidebar{grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 20rem;gap: 4rem}}.is-layout-sidebar .pkp_block{display: flex;flex-direction: column;gap: 0.75rem;min-width: 0}.is-layout-sidebar .pkp_block .title{padding-bottom: 0.5rem;border-bottom: 2px solid var(--is-accent);font-family: var(--font-titles, inherit);font-size: 1.0625rem;font-weight: 700;line-height: 1.25}.is-layout-sidebar .pkp_screen_reader{position: absolute;width: 1px;height: 1px;overflow: hidden;clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);white-space: nowrap}.is-layout-sidebar img, .is-layout-sidebar iframe{max-width: 100%;height: auto}.is-layout-sidebar .content a{color: var(--is-link)}.is-layout-sidebar .block_information ul, .is-layout-sidebar .block_language ul, .is-layout-sidebar .block_web_feed ul{display: flex;flex-direction: column;gap: 0.25rem}.is-layout-sidebar .block_make_submission_link{display: flex;justify-content: center;padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;border-radius: var(--is-pill);background: var(--color-button-text, var(--is-link));color: var(--color-button-background, #fff);font-family: var(--font-actions, inherit);font-weight: 700;text-align: center;text-decoration: none}.is-layout-sidebar .block_make_submission_link:hover, .is-layout-sidebar .block_make_submission_link:focus-visible{outline: 2px solid var(--color-button-text, var(--is-link));outline-offset: 2px}  .is-banner-header .header-desktop-inner{position: relative}.is-banner-header .header-desktop-inner-content, .is-banner-header .header-desktop-defaultCenter .header-desktop-inner-content{justify-content: center;padding: 0}.is-banner-header .header-desktop-context{width: 100%;max-width: 1600px;margin: 0 auto}.is-banner-header .header-desktop-context > a{display: block;width: 100%}.is-banner-header .header-desktop-logo, .is-banner-header .header-desktop-defaultCenter .header-desktop-logo{display: block;width: 100%;max-width: 100%;height: auto;max-height: none}.is-banner-header .header-desktop-tagline{display: none} .is-banner-header .header-desktop-inner-content .header-desktop-utility{position: absolute;top: 1rem;right: 1.5rem}  .header-desktop-nav-main-with-utility{display: grid;grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr;align-items: center;gap: 1rem}.header-desktop-nav-main-with-utility::before{content: ""}.header-desktop-default .header-desktop-nav-main-with-utility{grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto}.header-desktop-default .header-desktop-nav-main-with-utility::before{display: none}.header-desktop-utility-nav{justify-self: end} .header-desktop-utility-nav .search-input{background: var(--color-page-background);color: var(--color-page-text)}.header-desktop-utility-nav .dropdown-toggle{color: var(--color-page-text)}.header-desktop-utility-nav .dropdown-toggle:before{background: var(--color-page-background)}.header-desktop-utility-nav .dropdown-menu{text-align: left}  .is-banner-header .header-desktop-nav-main{background: var(--color-header-background);background: color-mix(in oklab, var(--color-header-background) 84%, var(--color-header-text));color: var(--color-header-text);border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12);border-top: 1px solid color-mix(in srgb, var(--color-header-text) 14%, transparent);box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18)}.is-banner-header .header-desktop-nav-main .menu-desktop-main{padding: 0;gap: 0 0.5rem}.is-banner-header .menu-desktop-main > .menu-item > .menu-button{position: relative;padding-top: 0.85rem;padding-bottom: 0.85rem;color: var(--color-header-text);font-size: 0.9375rem;letter-spacing: 0.02em}.is-banner-header .header-desktop-default .menu-desktop-main > .menu-item > .menu-button{margin-top: 0}.is-banner-header .menu-desktop-main > .menu-item > .menu-button::after{content: "";position: absolute;right: var(--inline-padding);bottom: 0.45rem;left: var(--inline-padding);height: 2px;background: var(--is-accent);transform: scaleX(0);transition: transform 0.15s ease}.is-banner-header .menu-desktop-main > .menu-item > .menu-button:hover::after, .is-banner-header .menu-desktop-main > .menu-item > .menu-button[aria-expanded="true"]::after{transform: scaleX(1)}.is-banner-header .menu-desktop-main > .menu-item > .menu-button:focus-visible{outline-color: var(--color-header-text)} .is-banner-header .header-desktop-utility-nav .dropdown-toggle{color: var(--color-header-text)}.is-banner-header .header-desktop-utility-nav .dropdown-toggle:before{background: var(--color-header-background);background: color-mix(in oklab, var(--color-header-background) 84%, var(--color-header-text))}.is-banner-header .header-desktop-utility-nav .dropdown-toggle svg{width: 2rem;height: 2rem}.is-banner-header .header-desktop-utility-nav .search-input{background: transparent;color: var(--color-header-text)}.is-banner-header .header-desktop-utility-nav .search-input svg{color: inherit}@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce){.is-banner-header .menu-desktop-main > .menu-item > .menu-button::after{transition: none}} body.is-compact .homepage-blocks{gap: 4rem;margin-top: 2.5rem;margin-bottom: 2.5rem}body.is-compact .footer{margin-top: 5rem}body.is-compact .footer-back-to-top{margin-bottom: 2rem}  @media (min-width: 1024px){body.is-wide .container{max-width: 90%;padding-left: 0;padding-right: 0}  body.is-wide .header-desktop-nav-main{padding-left: 5%;padding-right: 5%}body.is-wide .homepage-blocks{align-items: stretch}body.is-wide .homepage-blocks > :not(.sr-only):not(.homepage-block-highlights){width: 100%;max-width: none}body.is-wide .homepage-block-about{padding-left: 0;padding-right: 0}body.is-wide .homepage-issue-summary .issue-summary{max-width: none}} .ms-article-actions a:focus-visible, .ms-category summary:focus-visible, .ms-highlight li a:focus-visible, .ms-category li a:focus-visible{outline: 2px solid var(--is-link);outline-offset: 2px}